Materials that are graphitic in nature (graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, etc.) have a C 1s front peak due to C=C and can be used as a charge reference set at 284.5 eV. security x-ray mahine A typical value for graphite from 21 references in the NIST database is 284.46 eV, with a wide deviation of 0.14 eV.
Note that the accurately reported graphite carbon charge of 284.5 eV is also a strong indicator that this charge is not necessarily the appropriate charge to apply for his AdC charge reference. Such samples are usually conductive, but if they can be placed in a mansion (if they communicate electrically with the sample stage), they should. Security X-ray inspection equipment However, many of these samples consist of small powders or flakes and are very difficult to assemble.
Attach these to a double-sided adhesive that fits snugly but electrically insulates the pattern. Oxidation (e.g., graphene oxide) or functionalization (e.g., functionalized CNTs) of such samples can lead to a significant reduction in electrical conductivity or to behavior like a mixed conducting/insulating tissue.
Samples in which these substances are mixed with different interfering or insulating compounds may also produce mixed conducting/insulating patterns. To maximize the separation of such samples, separate the pattern and charge connections with C 1 at 284.5 eV in graphite.
This online website contains a long-standing record of protective X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyzes of numerous samples analyzed at the Western Laboratory of Surface Sciences, University of Western Ontario. The site was originally conceived as an online space for students and customers to access valuable suggestions and records. Open to anyone interested in XPS technology.
Literature records, pertinent references, and summaries of unpublished records from a broad, well-characterized sample are provided. Also offered are curve development suggestions, device setup suggestions (mainly for Kratos AXIS Ultra and Kratos AXIS Nova), and his CasaXPS suggestions for questions he usually receives from students and customers, as well as other unusual records.
A new article in Applied Surface Science Advances highlights techniques that have evolved through years of interaction with his X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) customers, many of whom are junior and senior working at CasaXPS. Find More details
